Swallowing Difficulties and Feeding
Description: Swallowing difficulties, or dysphagia, refer to problems with the swallowing process, which can lead to choking, aspiration, and inadequate nutrition. Feeding issues may include picky eating, refusal of certain foods, and difficulty transitioning to different textures.
Common Issues:
Choking or Coughing During Meals:
Children may experience difficulty swallowing, leading to choking or coughing while eating or drinking.
Refusing Certain Textures or Types of Food:
Some children may have aversions to specific textures (e.g., lumpy or chunky foods), making it challenging to provide a balanced diet.
Prolonged Mealtimes:
Difficulty with swallowing or eating can result in extended mealtimes, which may lead to frustration for both the child and caregivers.
Weight Loss or Poor Weight Gain:
Inadequate nutrition due to feeding difficulties can lead to weight loss or insufficient weight gain, affecting overall health and development.
Intervention Strategies are tailored for the child based on the assessment and therapy plan. Contact our Admin to book an appointment.
Description: Swallowing difficulties, or dysphagia, refer to problems with the swallowing process, which can lead to choking, aspiration, and inadequate nutrition. Feeding issues may include picky eating, refusal of certain foods, and difficulty transitioning to different textures.
Common Issues:
Choking or Coughing During Meals:
Children may experience difficulty swallowing, leading to choking or coughing while eating or drinking.
Refusing Certain Textures or Types of Food:
Some children may have aversions to specific textures (e.g., lumpy or chunky foods), making it challenging to provide a balanced diet.
Prolonged Mealtimes:
Difficulty with swallowing or eating can result in extended mealtimes, which may lead to frustration for both the child and caregivers.
Weight Loss or Poor Weight Gain:
Inadequate nutrition due to feeding difficulties can lead to weight loss or insufficient weight gain, affecting overall health and development.
Intervention Strategies are tailored for the child based on the assessment and therapy plan. Contact our Admin to book an appointment.
Contributing Factors:
Swallowing and feeding difficulties in children can result from a wide range of causes, including medical conditions, developmental delays, neurological disorders, sensory processing issues, and environmental factors.
Early diagnosis and intervention by healthcare professionals, including paediatricians, speech-language pathologists, and occupational therapists, are crucial in managing these challenges and improving feeding outcomes for children. Individualised treatment plans, often involving feeding therapy, can help children develop safer and more effective eating and swallowing skills.
1. Prematurity and Low Birth Weight
Babies born prematurely may have underdeveloped muscles and reflexes, including those needed for sucking, swallowing, and breathing coordination. This can lead to feeding difficulties, such as an inability to latch or weak sucking.
Babies with low birth weight may have underdeveloped oral and motor skills, making it difficult for them to feed efficiently.
2. Neurological Factors
Children with cerebral palsy often have muscle coordination and tone issues, which can affect the muscles involved in swallowing. They may struggle with oral motor control, leading to difficulties chewing and safely swallowing food.
Injury to the brain can affect the control of muscles needed for swallowing, resulting in dysphagia.
Children with epilepsy may experience impaired swallowing due to disruptions in neurological control, especially during or after a seizure.
3. Congenital and Structural Factors
Congenital deficiencies can interfere with a child’s ability to suck, chew, and swallow food properly. A cleft palate can also cause food and liquids to enter the nasal passages during feeding.
Other congenital malformations where the trachea and oesophagus are improperly connected can lead to severe swallowing difficulties, including aspiration (food or liquid entering the airway).
A condition where the tissues of the larynx are soft, causing breathing difficulties during feeding and increasing the risk of aspiration is referred to as Laryngomalacia.
4. Gastrointestinal Factors
GERD occurs when stomach acid flows back into the oesophagus, causing discomfort and aversion to feeding. Children with severe reflux may experience feeding refusal, vomiting, or aspiration during swallowing.
Some allergic conditions cause inflammation of the oesophagus, leading to pain, difficulty swallowing, and food refusal.
Conditions such as achalasia or delayed gastric emptying can affect the movement of food through the digestive tract, making it difficult for children to swallow or digest food properly.
5. Developmental Factors
Children with delays in overall development may also experience delays in oral motor skills, making it difficult to coordinate sucking, chewing, and swallowing.
Children with delayed speech development may also have problems with oral motor control, which can affect their ability to chew and swallow effectively.
6. Sensory Processing Difficulties
Children with sensory processing difficulties may be overly sensitive to certain textures, tastes, or temperatures, leading to food aversions and feeding challenges.
Some children may not be responsive to sensations in the mouth, causing difficulty in detecting food or liquid, leading to overstuffing or choking during feeding.
7. Muscular Factors
Progressive muscle weakness can affect the muscles responsible for swallowing, leading to difficulties in chewing, forming a bolus (food ball), and swallowing safely.
Children with hypotonia may have weak muscles in the mouth and throat, making it hard to control food, chew, or swallow.
8. Cardiorespiratory Factors
Children with conditions like chronic lung disease, asthma, or bronchopulmonary dysplasia may struggle to coordinate breathing and swallowing, leading to aspiration risks or feeding fatigue.
Congenital Heart conditions can cause poor endurance and fatigue during feeding due to reduced oxygen levels, leading to difficulties with sucking, swallowing, and maintaining adequate nutrition.
9. Feeding Aversions and Behavioural Factors
Children may develop feeding aversions due to negative experiences with feeding (e.g., choking, vomiting, or pain during feeding). This can lead to refusal to eat or anxiety around meals.
Some children may refuse to eat certain foods or textures due to behavioural factors, often linked to underlying conditions like autism, sensory processing difficulties, or anxiety.
10. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Children with ASD often experience feeding difficulties related to sensory sensitivities, food aversions, or restricted diets. They may have preferences for specific textures, colours, or routines that make feeding challenging.
Some children with autism may also have oral motor deficits, affecting their ability to chew and swallow efficiently.
11. Allergies and Food Intolerances
Allergic reactions to certain foods (e.g., dairy, nuts, gluten) can cause discomfort or pain during feeding, leading to feeding refusal or difficulty swallowing.
Conditions like lactose intolerance or gluten sensitivity can cause gastrointestinal discomfort, leading to feeding challenges, refusal, or aversions to certain foods.
12. Psychosocial Factors
Overly anxious or forceful feeding practices by caregivers can exacerbate feeding difficulties. Children may develop negative associations with feeding due to pressure, leading to resistance or aversion.
Children who have experienced neglect or trauma may develop feeding and swallowing difficulties as a result of emotional stress or lack of exposure to regular feeding routines.
13. Infections and Medical Factors
Frequent respiratory infections, like pneumonia or bronchitis, can affect a child’s ability to coordinate swallowing and breathing, leading to increased risks of aspiration and difficulty during feeding.
Enlarged tonsils or adenoids can obstruct the airway, making swallowing difficult and uncomfortable for children.
14. Medications
Certain medications may cause side effects such as dry mouth, reduced saliva production, or sedation, which can interfere with a child's ability to swallow effectively.
15. Cognitive Factors
Children with intellectual difficulties may have delayed development in feeding skills and oral motor control, leading to difficulties in safely managing food and liquids.
Cognitive issues can make it difficult for children to focus on or coordinate the multiple tasks required for feeding, such as chewing, swallowing, and monitoring food intake.
16. Post-Surgical Factors
After surgeries involving the mouth, throat, or oesophagus (e.g., tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy), children may experience temporary or long-term swallowing difficulties as they recover.
Children who have been tube-fed for extended periods may have difficulty transitioning to oral feeding due to a lack of experience with chewing or swallowing.
17. Delayed or Inadequate Intervention
Delayed identification of swallowing problems can exacerbate difficulties, increasing the risk of aspiration, malnutrition, and feeding aversion. Early detection is key to providing timely and effective treatment.
Inconsistent or insufficient access to feeding therapy can hinder progress in children who struggle with swallowing and feeding.
18. Oral-Motor Coordination Issues
Infants and young children who struggle to coordinate sucking, swallowing and breathing functions, particularly those with neurological or developmental issues, may have difficulty feeding or swallowing safely.
Swallowing and feeding difficulties in children can result from a wide range of causes, including medical conditions, developmental delays, neurological disorders, sensory processing issues, and environmental factors.
Early diagnosis and intervention by healthcare professionals, including paediatricians, speech-language pathologists, and occupational therapists, are crucial in managing these challenges and improving feeding outcomes for children. Individualised treatment plans, often involving feeding therapy, can help children develop safer and more effective eating and swallowing skills.
1. Prematurity and Low Birth Weight
Babies born prematurely may have underdeveloped muscles and reflexes, including those needed for sucking, swallowing, and breathing coordination. This can lead to feeding difficulties, such as an inability to latch or weak sucking.
Babies with low birth weight may have underdeveloped oral and motor skills, making it difficult for them to feed efficiently.
2. Neurological Factors
Children with cerebral palsy often have muscle coordination and tone issues, which can affect the muscles involved in swallowing. They may struggle with oral motor control, leading to difficulties chewing and safely swallowing food.
Injury to the brain can affect the control of muscles needed for swallowing, resulting in dysphagia.
Children with epilepsy may experience impaired swallowing due to disruptions in neurological control, especially during or after a seizure.
3. Congenital and Structural Factors
Congenital deficiencies can interfere with a child’s ability to suck, chew, and swallow food properly. A cleft palate can also cause food and liquids to enter the nasal passages during feeding.
Other congenital malformations where the trachea and oesophagus are improperly connected can lead to severe swallowing difficulties, including aspiration (food or liquid entering the airway).
A condition where the tissues of the larynx are soft, causing breathing difficulties during feeding and increasing the risk of aspiration is referred to as Laryngomalacia.
4. Gastrointestinal Factors
GERD occurs when stomach acid flows back into the oesophagus, causing discomfort and aversion to feeding. Children with severe reflux may experience feeding refusal, vomiting, or aspiration during swallowing.
Some allergic conditions cause inflammation of the oesophagus, leading to pain, difficulty swallowing, and food refusal.
Conditions such as achalasia or delayed gastric emptying can affect the movement of food through the digestive tract, making it difficult for children to swallow or digest food properly.
5. Developmental Factors
Children with delays in overall development may also experience delays in oral motor skills, making it difficult to coordinate sucking, chewing, and swallowing.
Children with delayed speech development may also have problems with oral motor control, which can affect their ability to chew and swallow effectively.
6. Sensory Processing Difficulties
Children with sensory processing difficulties may be overly sensitive to certain textures, tastes, or temperatures, leading to food aversions and feeding challenges.
Some children may not be responsive to sensations in the mouth, causing difficulty in detecting food or liquid, leading to overstuffing or choking during feeding.
7. Muscular Factors
Progressive muscle weakness can affect the muscles responsible for swallowing, leading to difficulties in chewing, forming a bolus (food ball), and swallowing safely.
Children with hypotonia may have weak muscles in the mouth and throat, making it hard to control food, chew, or swallow.
8. Cardiorespiratory Factors
Children with conditions like chronic lung disease, asthma, or bronchopulmonary dysplasia may struggle to coordinate breathing and swallowing, leading to aspiration risks or feeding fatigue.
Congenital Heart conditions can cause poor endurance and fatigue during feeding due to reduced oxygen levels, leading to difficulties with sucking, swallowing, and maintaining adequate nutrition.
9. Feeding Aversions and Behavioural Factors
Children may develop feeding aversions due to negative experiences with feeding (e.g., choking, vomiting, or pain during feeding). This can lead to refusal to eat or anxiety around meals.
Some children may refuse to eat certain foods or textures due to behavioural factors, often linked to underlying conditions like autism, sensory processing difficulties, or anxiety.
10. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Children with ASD often experience feeding difficulties related to sensory sensitivities, food aversions, or restricted diets. They may have preferences for specific textures, colours, or routines that make feeding challenging.
Some children with autism may also have oral motor deficits, affecting their ability to chew and swallow efficiently.
11. Allergies and Food Intolerances
Allergic reactions to certain foods (e.g., dairy, nuts, gluten) can cause discomfort or pain during feeding, leading to feeding refusal or difficulty swallowing.
Conditions like lactose intolerance or gluten sensitivity can cause gastrointestinal discomfort, leading to feeding challenges, refusal, or aversions to certain foods.
12. Psychosocial Factors
Overly anxious or forceful feeding practices by caregivers can exacerbate feeding difficulties. Children may develop negative associations with feeding due to pressure, leading to resistance or aversion.
Children who have experienced neglect or trauma may develop feeding and swallowing difficulties as a result of emotional stress or lack of exposure to regular feeding routines.
13. Infections and Medical Factors
Frequent respiratory infections, like pneumonia or bronchitis, can affect a child’s ability to coordinate swallowing and breathing, leading to increased risks of aspiration and difficulty during feeding.
Enlarged tonsils or adenoids can obstruct the airway, making swallowing difficult and uncomfortable for children.
14. Medications
Certain medications may cause side effects such as dry mouth, reduced saliva production, or sedation, which can interfere with a child's ability to swallow effectively.
15. Cognitive Factors
Children with intellectual difficulties may have delayed development in feeding skills and oral motor control, leading to difficulties in safely managing food and liquids.
Cognitive issues can make it difficult for children to focus on or coordinate the multiple tasks required for feeding, such as chewing, swallowing, and monitoring food intake.
16. Post-Surgical Factors
After surgeries involving the mouth, throat, or oesophagus (e.g., tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy), children may experience temporary or long-term swallowing difficulties as they recover.
Children who have been tube-fed for extended periods may have difficulty transitioning to oral feeding due to a lack of experience with chewing or swallowing.
17. Delayed or Inadequate Intervention
Delayed identification of swallowing problems can exacerbate difficulties, increasing the risk of aspiration, malnutrition, and feeding aversion. Early detection is key to providing timely and effective treatment.
Inconsistent or insufficient access to feeding therapy can hinder progress in children who struggle with swallowing and feeding.
18. Oral-Motor Coordination Issues
Infants and young children who struggle to coordinate sucking, swallowing and breathing functions, particularly those with neurological or developmental issues, may have difficulty feeding or swallowing safely.
Steps for Parents: Addressing Suspected Swallowing Difficulties and Feeding Issues
1. Observe and Document:
Keep a record of your child’s feeding behaviours and any difficulties experienced during meals. Note specific instances of choking, coughing, or refusal of certain foods and textures.
2. Check for Developmental Milestones:
Review typical feeding and swallowing milestones appropriate for your child’s age. This can help identify potential delays or areas of concern related to eating and swallowing.
3. Engage in Positive Mealtime Experiences:
Create a relaxed and positive mealtime environment. Encourage family meals to foster social interaction and model healthy eating behaviours.
4. Consult with Caregivers and Educators:
Discuss your concerns with your child’s teachers or caregivers. They may provide insights into your child’s eating behaviours in different settings and help identify any patterns.
5. Experiment with Textures:
Gradually introduce new textures or types of food in a supportive manner. Encourage your child to explore various foods without pressure to eat them.
6. Schedule a Feeding and Swallowing Assessment:
If concerns persist, arrange for a comprehensive assessment with a speech-language pathologist or occupational therapist specialising in feeding and swallowing disorders.
7. Participate in the Evaluation:
Be actively involved in the assessment process by sharing your observations and any relevant documentation regarding your child's feeding and swallowing difficulties.
8. Discuss the Findings:
Review the evaluation results with the professional, who will explain any identified feeding or swallowing issues and recommend appropriate interventions or therapy options.
9. Implement Recommended Strategies:
Follow the professional's recommendations for therapy, which may include specific exercises to improve swallowing, strategies for transitioning to different textures, or behavioural techniques for addressing picky eating.
10. Monitor Progress:
Track your child’s progress in improving their feeding and swallowing skills over time. Maintain regular communication with the professionals involved in their care to adjust strategies as needed.
11. Encourage Positive Communication:
Create a supportive environment that encourages your child to practise their speech. Praise their efforts and improvements to build their confidence in speaking.
12. Educate Your Child:
Help your child understand their feeding difficulties in an age-appropriate way. Encourage open communication about their preferences and feelings towards food.
13. Provide Nutritional Support:
Work with a dietitian or nutritionist if necessary to ensure your child receives adequate nutrition despite their feeding challenges. Explore alternative food options that meet their dietary needs.
14. Stay Informed:
Educate yourself about swallowing difficulties and feeding issues. Seek resources, attend workshops, or connect with support groups for parents of children facing similar challenges.
1. Observe and Document:
Keep a record of your child’s feeding behaviours and any difficulties experienced during meals. Note specific instances of choking, coughing, or refusal of certain foods and textures.
2. Check for Developmental Milestones:
Review typical feeding and swallowing milestones appropriate for your child’s age. This can help identify potential delays or areas of concern related to eating and swallowing.
3. Engage in Positive Mealtime Experiences:
Create a relaxed and positive mealtime environment. Encourage family meals to foster social interaction and model healthy eating behaviours.
4. Consult with Caregivers and Educators:
Discuss your concerns with your child’s teachers or caregivers. They may provide insights into your child’s eating behaviours in different settings and help identify any patterns.
5. Experiment with Textures:
Gradually introduce new textures or types of food in a supportive manner. Encourage your child to explore various foods without pressure to eat them.
6. Schedule a Feeding and Swallowing Assessment:
If concerns persist, arrange for a comprehensive assessment with a speech-language pathologist or occupational therapist specialising in feeding and swallowing disorders.
7. Participate in the Evaluation:
Be actively involved in the assessment process by sharing your observations and any relevant documentation regarding your child's feeding and swallowing difficulties.
8. Discuss the Findings:
Review the evaluation results with the professional, who will explain any identified feeding or swallowing issues and recommend appropriate interventions or therapy options.
9. Implement Recommended Strategies:
Follow the professional's recommendations for therapy, which may include specific exercises to improve swallowing, strategies for transitioning to different textures, or behavioural techniques for addressing picky eating.
10. Monitor Progress:
Track your child’s progress in improving their feeding and swallowing skills over time. Maintain regular communication with the professionals involved in their care to adjust strategies as needed.
11. Encourage Positive Communication:
Create a supportive environment that encourages your child to practise their speech. Praise their efforts and improvements to build their confidence in speaking.
12. Educate Your Child:
Help your child understand their feeding difficulties in an age-appropriate way. Encourage open communication about their preferences and feelings towards food.
13. Provide Nutritional Support:
Work with a dietitian or nutritionist if necessary to ensure your child receives adequate nutrition despite their feeding challenges. Explore alternative food options that meet their dietary needs.
14. Stay Informed:
Educate yourself about swallowing difficulties and feeding issues. Seek resources, attend workshops, or connect with support groups for parents of children facing similar challenges.
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Your feedback helps us continue to provide support and information that benefits our community.
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Referrals to Belong Health
We are Medicare and Private Health fund registered for Occupational Therapy and Speech Pathology.
EPC/Team care arrangements/Chronic disease (CDM) or GP management plans and self-referrals are all acceptable.
WA NDIS Registered Provider
We are Medicare and Private Health fund registered for Occupational Therapy and Speech Pathology.
EPC/Team care arrangements/Chronic disease (CDM) or GP management plans and self-referrals are all acceptable.
WA NDIS Registered Provider
Medicare
You can get a referral from your/your child’s GP for OT on a Chronic Disease Management (CDM) plan this gives you 5 sessions for OT per calendar year with a $53 rebate available on each session or a Helping Children with Autism/PDD/ or an eligible disability package (20 sessions between allied health professionals, as set up by a Paediatrician/Psychiatrist) which gives your child under 16 years a $75 rebate per session for the 20 sessions, you can use up to 10 sessions per Health Professional (up to 10 for OT) and you will need a separate referral letter from your child’s Paediatrician for each Allied Health Professional you are seeking services from.
You can get a referral from your/your child’s GP for OT on a Chronic Disease Management (CDM) plan this gives you 5 sessions for OT per calendar year with a $53 rebate available on each session or a Helping Children with Autism/PDD/ or an eligible disability package (20 sessions between allied health professionals, as set up by a Paediatrician/Psychiatrist) which gives your child under 16 years a $75 rebate per session for the 20 sessions, you can use up to 10 sessions per Health Professional (up to 10 for OT) and you will need a separate referral letter from your child’s Paediatrician for each Allied Health Professional you are seeking services from.
Private Health
Your Private Health fund may cover up to 75% of the cost of OT sessions if this is included in your cover, be sure to call them or check your policy for details.
No referral or self referral
You do not require a referral for accessing OT
Your Private Health fund may cover up to 75% of the cost of OT sessions if this is included in your cover, be sure to call them or check your policy for details.
No referral or self referral
You do not require a referral for accessing OT
NDIS Registered Provider
We are an NDIS Registered Provider
Whether you or your child have NDIS funding that is NDIS Managed, Third Party Plan Managed or you are Self-Managing your funds, you are able to use your funding to cover the full cost of therapy services plus travel costs. You will need provide us with your/your child’s NDIS number and plan details ahead of your first session. Once you have booked a session or contacted us, our team will be in touch to discuss our service agreement and provide you with our services price list.
We are an NDIS Registered Provider
Whether you or your child have NDIS funding that is NDIS Managed, Third Party Plan Managed or you are Self-Managing your funds, you are able to use your funding to cover the full cost of therapy services plus travel costs. You will need provide us with your/your child’s NDIS number and plan details ahead of your first session. Once you have booked a session or contacted us, our team will be in touch to discuss our service agreement and provide you with our services price list.
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BELONG HEALTH'S Paediatric Occupational Therapy SERVICES FOR Perth region
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N: Nedlands, Neerabup, Nollamara, Noranda, North Beach, North Coogee, North Fremantle, North Lake, North Perth, Northbridge, Nowergup
O: O'connor, Ocean Reef, Orange Grove, Osborne Park
P: Padbury, Palmyra, Parkerville, Parkwood, Pearsall, Peppermint Grove, Perth, Piara Waters, Pinjar, Queens Park, Quinns Rocks
R: Red Hill, Redcliffe, Ridgewood, Riverton, Rivervale, Roleystone, Rossmoyne, Rottnest Island
S: Salter Point, Samson, Sawyers Valley, Scarborough, Seville Grove, Shelley, Shenton Park, Sinagra, Sorrento, South Fremantle, South Guildford, South Lake, South Perth, Southern River, Spearwood, St James, Stirling, Stoneville, Stratton, Subiaco, Subiaco East, Success, Swan View, Swanbourne
T: Tamala Park, Tapping, The Vines, Thornlie, Treeby, Trigg, Tuart Hill
U: Upper Swan
V: Victoria Park
W: Wangara, Wanneroo, Warwick, Waterford, Watermans Bay, Wattle Grove, Wattleup, Welshpool, Wembley, Wembley Downs, West Leederville, West Perth, West Swan, Westfield, Westminster, White Gum Valley, Whiteman, Willagee, Willetton, Wilson, Winthrop, Woodbridge, Woodlands, Woodvale, Wungong
Y: Yangebup, Yokine
B: Balcatta, Balga, Ballajura, Banjup, Banksia Grove, Baskerville, Bassendean, Bateman, Bayswater, Beaconsfield, Beckenham, Bedford, Bedfordale, Beechboro, Beeliar, Beldon, Belhus, Bellevue, Belmont, Bennett Springs, Bentley, Bibra Lake, Bicton, Booragoon, Boya, Brabham, Brentwood, Brigadoon, Broadway Nedlands, Brookdale, Bull Creek, Burns Beach, Burswood, Bushmead, Butler
C: Canning Vale, Cannington, Carabooda, Carine, Carlisle, Carramar, Caversham, Champion Lakes, Churchlands, City Beach, Claremont, Clarkson, Cloverdale, Cockburn Central, Como, Connolly, Coogee, Coolbellup, Coolbinia, Cottesloe, Craigie, Crawley, Currambine
D: Daglish, Dalkeith, Darch, Darlington, Dayton, Dianella, Dog Swamp, Doubleview, Duncraig
E: East Cannington, East Fremantle, East Perth, East Victoria Park, Eden Hill, Edgewater, Ellenbrook, Embleton
F: Ferndale, Floreat, Forrestdale, Forrestfield, Fremantle
G: Gidgegannup, Girrawheen, Glen Forrest, Glendalough, Glengarry, Gnangara, Gosnells, Greenmount, Greenwood, Guildford, Gwelup
H: Hamersley, Hamilton Hill, Hammond Park, Harrisdale, Haynes, Hazelmere, Heathridge, Helena Valley, Henderson, Henley Brook, Herdsman, Herne Hill, High Wycombe, Highgate, Hilbert, Hillarys, Hilton, Hocking, Hovea, Huntingdale
I: Iluka, Inglewood, Innaloo, Jandabup, Jandakot, Jane Brook, Jindalee, Jolimont, Joondalup, Joondanna
K: Kallaroo, Karawara, Kardinya, Karragullen, Karrakatta, Karrinyup, Kelmscott, Kensington, Kenwick, Kewdale, Kiara, Kings Park, Kingsley, Kingsway, Kinross, Koondoola, Koongamia
L: Landsdale, Langford, Lathlain, Leederville, Leeming, Lexia, Lockridge, Lynwood
M: Maddington, Madeley, Mahogany Creek, Maida Vale, Malaga, Manning, Marangaroo, Mariginiup, Marmion, Martin, Maylands, Melaleuca, Melville, Menora, Merriwa, Middle Swan, Midland, Midvale, Millendon, Mindarie, Mirrabooka, Morangup, Morley, Mosman Park, Mount Claremont, Mount Hawthorn, Mount Lawley, Mount Nasura, Mount Pleasant, Mount Richon, Mullaloo, Munster, Murdoch, Myaree
N: Nedlands, Neerabup, Nollamara, Noranda, North Beach, North Coogee, North Fremantle, North Lake, North Perth, Northbridge, Nowergup
O: O'connor, Ocean Reef, Orange Grove, Osborne Park
P: Padbury, Palmyra, Parkerville, Parkwood, Pearsall, Peppermint Grove, Perth, Piara Waters, Pinjar, Queens Park, Quinns Rocks
R: Red Hill, Redcliffe, Ridgewood, Riverton, Rivervale, Roleystone, Rossmoyne, Rottnest Island
S: Salter Point, Samson, Sawyers Valley, Scarborough, Seville Grove, Shelley, Shenton Park, Sinagra, Sorrento, South Fremantle, South Guildford, South Lake, South Perth, Southern River, Spearwood, St James, Stirling, Stoneville, Stratton, Subiaco, Subiaco East, Success, Swan View, Swanbourne
T: Tamala Park, Tapping, The Vines, Thornlie, Treeby, Trigg, Tuart Hill
U: Upper Swan
V: Victoria Park
W: Wangara, Wanneroo, Warwick, Waterford, Watermans Bay, Wattle Grove, Wattleup, Welshpool, Wembley, Wembley Downs, West Leederville, West Perth, West Swan, Westfield, Westminster, White Gum Valley, Whiteman, Willagee, Willetton, Wilson, Winthrop, Woodbridge, Woodlands, Woodvale, Wungong
Y: Yangebup, Yokine