What Are Motor Skills?

Motor skills are the movements you use to position your body, interact with objects and complete everyday activities.
They are involved in much more than sport or exercise.
You may use motor skills when you:

• get dressed
• shower
• prepare food
• use cutlery
• open containers
• write or type
• use a phone
• handle money
• use tools
• complete household tasks
• get in and out of bed
• move between chairs
• walk through your home or community
• drive
• complete work tasks
• participate in hobbies
• use equipment.

Motor performance can involve several interacting abilities, including coordination, strength, balance, dexterity, positioning, visual information, motor planning and the ability to adapt movements when circumstances change.

Fine Motor Skills in Adults

Fine motor skills involve controlled movements of the hands and fingers.
Adults use fine motor skills constantly throughout everyday life.

Examples include:

• doing up buttons
• using zips
• tying shoelaces
• handling coins or cards
• writing
• typing
• using a mouse or touchscreen
• operating a phone
• using cutlery
• preparing food
• opening packets and containers
• handling medication
• using keys
• manipulating small objects
• using tools
• completing craft or hobbies
• managing personal-care items.

Fine motor tasks don't depend on the fingers alone.

​They can also involve:

• hand and wrist movement
• grip
• dexterity
• sensation
• coordination
• visual information
• upper limb control
• positioning
• endurance.

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What Can Fine Motor Difficulties Look Like in Adults?

You might notice that:

• buttons or zips take longer than they used to
• you frequently drop small objects
• handwriting has become difficult or tiring
• using cutlery is awkward
• opening containers is difficult
• using a phone or keyboard is harder
• you have difficulty manipulating medication packaging
• meal preparation tasks take longer
• you struggle with tools or work equipment
• hobbies involving your hands have become difficult
• one hand does not work as effectively as the other
• tasks requiring precision are frustrating or tiring.

The important question is not whether your movement looks a particular way.

Occupational Therapy looks at whether the difficulty is affecting an activity you need or want to do.

​Gross Motor Skills in Adults

Gross motor skills involve larger movements of the body.
In adult life, these can be involved in activities such as:

• walking
• standing
• sitting down and standing up
• getting in and out of bed
• transfers
• reaching
• bending
• carrying items
• navigating stairs
• moving around your home
• accessing the community
• completing household activities
• work tasks
• recreation and hobbies.

Gross motor function can involve balance, coordination, mobility, postural control, strength, endurance and motor planning.

Some of these areas may also involve Physiotherapy or another health professional.
​
Your Occupational Therapist's role is particularly focused on how movement affects your ability to complete meaningful everyday activities.

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What Is Motor Planning?

Motor planning is the process involved in working out how to perform a movement or physical activity, organising the movements required and carrying them out.

You may also hear motor planning discussed as part of praxis.

Motor planning is particularly important when:

• learning a new activity
• completing an unfamiliar movement
• using new equipment
• adapting to a change in your environment
• completing a task in a different way
• responding when your usual strategy no longer works.

​Activities that you have completed thousands of times can become relatively automatic.

When an activity is unfamiliar; or when injury, illness or changes in function mean you can no longer complete it in your usual way, much more conscious planning may be required.

What Is Praxis?

Praxis is broader than simply moving your muscles.
It can involve:
​
Ideation
Knowing what you want to do.

Planning
Working out how your body needs to move and the order of the movements required.

Execution
Carrying out the movement.

Feedback & Adaptation
Recognising whether the movement worked and changing your approach when necessary.
These processes can happen very quickly during everyday activities.

What Can Motor Planning Difficulties Look Like in Adults?

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You may:

• know what you want to do but have difficulty organising the movements
• find unfamiliar physical tasks particularly difficult
• need substantially more practice to learn a new movement
• have trouble sequencing parts of an activity
• struggle when the usual way of completing a task needs to change
• find using unfamiliar equipment difficult
• have difficulty copying a demonstrated movement
• become slower during multi-step physical activities
• need to consciously think through movements that previously felt automatic
• have difficulty adjusting your body or movements when an activity changes.

​Motor-planning difficulty does not automatically indicate a particular diagnosis.

There are many possible reasons an adult may experience changes in movement or task performance.

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Motor Planning in Everyday Adult Life

Motor planning is involved in many ordinary activities.

Dressing
Getting dressed may involve:

• orienting clothing correctly
• sequencing movements
• coordinating both hands
• balancing
• reaching
• adapting movements around pain or restricted movement
• managing fasteners.

Showering & Personal Care
Personal-care activities may involve:

• getting into position
• reaching different areas of the body
• coordinating movements
• using equipment
• sequencing the activity safely.

Meal Preparation
Preparing food can require:

• reaching
• carrying
• stabilising items
• cutting
• opening containers
• coordinating both hands
• using appliances
• sequencing several steps.

Household Tasks
Cleaning, laundry, gardening and home maintenance may require planning and coordinating multiple movements while moving through the environment.

Work
Depending on your role, motor skills may be involved in:

• typing
• handwriting
• using tools
• operating equipment
• carrying items
• moving through a workplace
• completing repetitive physical tasks
• learning new procedures.

​Community Participation
Motor planning and coordination can also affect:

• shopping
• accessing transport
• managing bags and purchases
• navigating unfamiliar environments
• recreational activities
• hobbies.

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Motor Coordination in Adults

Coordination is the ability to organise movements so different parts of your body can work together effectively during an activity.
Coordination may be important when you:

• prepare food
• use cutlery
• get dressed
• carry objects
• use tools
• drive
• transfer between surfaces
• participate in sport or hobbies
• operate equipment.

Coordination difficulties can have many different causes.
​
Occupational Therapy looks at how the difficulty affects functional activity, rather than assuming that all coordination difficulties are the same.

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Bilateral Coordination - Using Both Sides of the Body Together

Many adult activities require both sides of the body to work together.
This is called bilateral coordination.
Examples include:

• using a knife and fork
• opening containers
• dressing
• preparing food
• carrying larger objects
• folding clothes
• using tools
• completing household activities.

​Often each side of the body has a different role.
For example, one hand may stabilise an object while the other manipulates it.

An Occupational Therapist can observe how you use both sides of your body during the activities that actually matter to you.

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Hand-Eye & Visual-Motor Coordination

Your movements also need to respond to visual information.
Visual-motor coordination may be involved when you:

• write
• type
• reach for objects
• use tools
• prepare food
• drive
• use equipment
• complete hobbies
• navigate around objects.

If an activity is difficult, an OT can explore the different factors contributing to the problem rather than assuming it is simply poor hand-eye coordination.

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Why Might an Adult Develop Motor Difficulties?

Motor difficulties in adulthood can occur in very different contexts.
​
For some adults, coordination or motor-planning difficulties have been present since childhood.
For others, abilities may change following:

• injury
• illness
• stroke
• acquired brain injury
• neurological conditions
• changes in mobility
• changes in upper limb function
• pain
• fatigue
• changes in cognition
• functional decline.

The appropriate assessment and support depend on why the difficulty is occurring and how it affects everyday life.

​A new or unexplained change in coordination or movement should also be discussed with an appropriate medical professional.

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Motor Skills After Stroke, Brain Injury or Neurological Change

Changes in movement following a neurological event or condition can affect many areas of everyday function.
This may include changes in:

• coordination
• hand function
• upper limb use
• motor planning
• sequencing
• balance
• fatigue
• cognition
• everyday task performance.

Occupational Therapy may focus on understanding how those changes affect the activities the person needs or wants to complete.

Depending on the person and clinician scope, support may involve:

• practising meaningful activities
• task adaptation
• environmental changes
• strategies
• equipment
• Assistive Technology
• upper limb rehabilitation
• energy conservation
• supporting independence.

Explore Occupational Therapy for Adults

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Is Adult Motor Planning Difficulty the Same as Dyspraxia or DCD?

No.
Motor-planning or coordination difficulty in adulthood does not automatically mean you have Dyspraxia or Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD).

DCD is a neurodevelopmental condition. Its motor difficulties begin during the developmental period, although the effects can continue through adolescence and adulthood.

An adult who experiences new or deteriorating coordination or motor-planning ability may have a different explanation that requires appropriate clinical or medical assessment.

If you are specifically looking for information about lifelong Dyspraxia/DCD, see our dedicated resource.
Learn About Dyspraxia / Developmental Coordination Disorder

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Motor Planning & Executive Functioning Are Not the Same Thing

Motor planning and executive functioning can both affect complex activities, but they are not the same.

Motor planning concerns how movements are organised and carried out.

Executive functioning can involve areas such as:

• planning ahead
• sequencing tasks
• initiating activities
• organising materials
• managing time
• shifting between tasks
• monitoring progress.

Some everyday activities involve both motor and executive demands.

For example, preparing a meal may require you to organise ingredients and timing while also coordinating the physical movements needed to chop, carry, open and manipulate items.

An Occupational Therapist can look at the activity as a whole.

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How Does an Occupational Therapist Assess Adult Motor Skills?

There is no single motor assessment that is appropriate for every adult.

The assessment depends on:

• what has changed
• how long the difficulty has been present
• the activities affected
• your medical and functional history
• your goals
• the purpose of the assessment.

An OT may consider:

• your priorities
• everyday activities
• mobility
• fine motor function
• gross motor function
• coordination
• motor planning
• bilateral coordination
• visual-motor performance
• upper limb function
• cognition
• fatigue
• pain
• equipment
• environmental barriers
• work or community demands.

Assessment may involve discussion, observation of functional activities and appropriate assessment tools.
The focus is not simply on measuring a body function.

The OT is trying to understand what is making an everyday activity difficult and what may help.

How Can Occupational Therapy Help With Motor Skills & Motor Planning?

Occupational Therapy focuses on practical participation.
Depending on your needs and clinician scope, support may involve:

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Practising Meaningful Activities
Therapy may focus directly on activities you need or want to complete.
This might include:

• dressing
• preparing food
• using equipment
• household activities
• work tasks
• community activities
• hobbies.

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Breaking Activities Into Manageable Steps
Complex tasks may be easier when they are broken down and practised in a more manageable sequence.

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Developing Alternative Strategies
Sometimes the most effective approach is finding a different way of completing the activity.

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Adapting the Task
Changing the way an activity is organised or performed may reduce unnecessary difficulty.

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Changing the Environment
The physical environment can sometimes create additional barriers.
An OT may consider whether changes to layout, positioning or access could make the activity easier or safer.

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Adaptive Equipment & Assistive Technology
Equipment may help someone complete an activity more safely, comfortably or independently.
​
Explore Adaptive Equipment Assessment & Prescription

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Building Skills Through Practice
Repeated practice of meaningful tasks may help develop confidence, familiarity or efficiency.
The approach will depend on the reason for the motor difficulty and the person's individual circumstances.

Occupational Therapy Is About Function, Not Perfect Movement

The goal of Occupational Therapy is not necessarily to make everybody complete an activity in exactly the same way.

A person may complete an activity differently and still participate safely and successfully.

The focus is on:

• what you want or need to do
• what is currently difficult
• what is important to you
• what is safe
• what is sustainable
• what supports independence and participation.

Sometimes improving a skill is appropriate.
Sometimes changing the activity or environment is more useful.
Sometimes equipment is the best option.

Often, the solution involves a combination.

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Motor Skills at Work

Motor difficulties can affect work differently depending on your occupation.
This may include difficulty with:

• typing
• handwriting
• tools
• machinery
• equipment
• carrying items
• repetitive tasks
• moving through the workplace
• completing tasks within expected timeframes
• adapting to unfamiliar procedures.

An OT may consider the interaction between your abilities, the task and the workplace environment.
The appropriate service depends on the person's circumstances and the Occupational Therapist's scope.

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Motor Skills & Independence at Home

Everyday home activities place significant motor demands on us.
Examples include:

• showering
• dressing
• toileting
• cooking
• cleaning
• laundry
• changing bedding
• using appliances
• carrying groceries
• home maintenance.

If one or more of these activities has become difficult, Occupational Therapy can help explore what is contributing to the problem.

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Adaptive Equipment for Motor Difficulties

Sometimes equipment can reduce the motor demands of an activity.

For example, adaptive equipment may support:

• dressing
• meal preparation
• eating
• showering
• toileting
• transfers
• household activities.

Equipment should be matched to the person, task and environment rather than selected simply because it is marketed for a particular condition.

Explore Adaptive Equipment Assessment & Prescription

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When Might Home Modifications Help?

Sometimes the environment itself makes an activity unnecessarily difficult.
For example:

• narrow access
• difficult bathroom layouts
• inadequate transfer space
• inaccessible showers
• unsuitable kitchen layouts
• stairs or changes in level.

In these situations, equipment alone may not solve the problem.

A Home Modification Assessment may be appropriate where environmental barriers significantly affect access, safety or independence.
Explore Home Modification Assessments

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Motor Skills & Fatigue

Motor tasks may become more difficult when fatigue increases.
You might notice:

• movements becoming slower later in the day
• reduced coordination when tired
• tasks taking longer
• needing more rest breaks
• reduced ability to complete several activities in succession.

Occupational Therapy may consider how activities are organised across the day, whether tasks can be changed, and strategies for managing available energy.

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Mobile Occupational Therapy for Adults

Some motor difficulties are best understood in the environment where the activity actually occurs.
​
Depending on clinician location and scope, Belong Health may provide Occupational Therapy:

• at home
• in the community
• in other relevant environments
• via telehealth where appropriate.

A home visit may be particularly useful when assessing:

• daily living activities
• equipment
• transfers
• home access
• functional independence
• environmental barriers.

​Find an OT Near Me

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Telehealth Occupational Therapy

Some parts of Occupational Therapy assessment or support may be suitable for telehealth.
This may include:

• discussing functional difficulties
• reviewing routines
• observing selected activities
• strategy development
• education
• follow-up.

Some motor assessments require face-to-face observation or physical assessment.
Your Occupational Therapist can determine whether telehealth is appropriate for your needs.

Explore Occupational Therapy Telehealth

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NDIS Occupational Therapy & Motor Function

Belong Health is a registered NDIS provider.

For NDIS participants, Occupational Therapy may be relevant where motor, coordination or functional difficulties are related to disability and significantly affect everyday participation.

Support must be appropriate to the participant's individual circumstances, goals, plan and applicable NDIS funding requirements.

Having a diagnosis or motor difficulty does not automatically mean a particular therapy will be funded.

Explore Occupational Therapy for Adults

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Private Occupational Therapy

You do not need to be an NDIS participant to access Occupational Therapy.
Suitable private referrals may be accepted depending on:

• clinician scope
• location
• service required
• current capacity.

Private health, Medicare or other funding pathways may apply in some circumstances.
View Occupational Therapy Fees & Funding

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Do I Need a Diagnosis?

Not necessarily.

You can speak with an Occupational Therapist about functional difficulties without already knowing exactly what is causing them.

However, new, unexplained or worsening changes in movement, coordination or function may require medical assessment.

Occupational Therapy does not replace appropriate medical investigation.

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When Should I Consider Speaking With an OT?

It may be worth speaking with an Occupational Therapist if motor or coordination difficulties are affecting activities such as:

• dressing
• showering
• meal preparation
• household activities
• handwriting
• typing
• using tools
• work
• hobbies
• transfers
• equipment use
• accessing the community
• maintaining independence.

You do not need to decide whether the issue is specifically "fine motor", "gross motor", "coordination" or "motor planning" before contacting us.
An OT can help explore the functional difficulty.

Start With a Free 20-Minute OT Meet & Greet

If you're unsure whether Occupational Therapy is appropriate, you can start with a Free 20-Minute OT Meet & Greet where a suitable Occupational Therapist is available.

This gives you an opportunity to:

• explain what has become difficult
• discuss your goals
• ask questions
• understand the OT's approach
• explore whether the clinician may be a suitable fit.

There is no obligation to proceed.

The Meet & Greet is an introductory conversation. It is not a formal Occupational Therapy assessment, treatment session, report or diagnostic opinion.

Book Your Free 20-Minute OT Meet & Greet

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What Happens When You Enquire?

1. Tell Us What Is Happening
Let us know:

• your age
• suburb
• which activities are difficult
• whether the difficulty is longstanding or has changed
• what you would like help with
• your funding arrangement.

2. We Look for a Suitable Occupational Therapist
We consider your location, needs and the scope of our available OTs.

3. Free 20-Minute OT Meet & Greet
Where suitable, you can speak with the Occupational Therapist before deciding whether to proceed.

4. Confirm the Service
We confirm appointment options, fees, travel where relevant and funding arrangements.

5. Initial Appointment or Assessment
The OT learns more about your functional abilities, priorities and the activities that are difficult.

6. Agree on the Next Steps
Depending on your needs, this might involve:

• Occupational Therapy
• task-specific practice
• strategies
• environmental changes
• adaptive equipment
• Assistive Technology
• further assessment
• referral to another service where appropriate.

Frequently Asked Questions - Adult Motor Skills & Motor Planning

What are motor skills in adults?
​Motor skills are the movements used to position your body, interact with objects and complete everyday activities. They include both smaller fine motor movements and larger gross motor movements.

What are fine motor skills in adults?
Fine motor skills involve controlled movements of the hands and fingers used for activities such as dressing, writing, typing, using cutlery, preparing food and manipulating small objects.

What are gross motor skills in adults?
Gross motor skills involve larger body movements used for activities such as walking, standing, transfers, reaching, carrying and moving through everyday environments.

What is motor planning in adults?
Motor planning is the process of working out how to perform a movement, organising the movements required and carrying them out. It is particularly important when learning new activities or adapting how an activity is performed.

Is motor planning the same as praxis?
Motor planning is an important component of praxis. Praxis can also include developing an idea for an action, executing it and adapting the movement based on feedback.

What can motor-planning difficulty look like in an adult?
It may involve difficulty learning unfamiliar physical tasks, sequencing movements, adapting to changes in an activity, using unfamiliar equipment or organising the movements required for everyday tasks.

Is poor motor planning in adults the same as Dyspraxia?
No. Adult motor-planning difficulties can occur for different reasons. Developmental Coordination Disorder or Dyspraxia is a neurodevelopmental condition with difficulties beginning during the developmental period.

Can Dyspraxia continue into adulthood?
Yes. Developmental Coordination Disorder is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition, although its impact may change throughout a person's life.
Learn About Dyspraxia / Developmental Coordination Disorder

What can cause changes in coordination in adults?
There are many possible causes, including injury, neurological conditions, illness and other functional changes. New or unexplained changes should be discussed with an appropriate medical professional.

Can Occupational Therapy help with fine motor difficulties?
An OT can assess how fine motor difficulties affect everyday activities and consider strategies, task practice, adaptations, equipment or other supports based on the person's needs.

Can Occupational Therapy help with gross motor difficulties?
Where gross motor function affects everyday participation, an OT may assess the functional activity and environment and determine whether Occupational Therapy support is appropriate.

Can an OT help after a stroke?
Occupational Therapists commonly work with people whose everyday functioning has changed following stroke. The service available depends on the clinician's scope and the person's individual needs.

Can OT help with hand coordination?
An Occupational Therapist can assess how hand coordination is affecting everyday activities and consider appropriate strategies or supports within their scope.

Can OT help with dressing?
Yes. Dressing is an everyday occupation. An OT may explore movement, coordination, positioning, task sequencing, clothing, equipment and environmental factors affecting dressing.

Can OT help with meal preparation?
Yes. Meal preparation involves multiple motor and process skills. An OT may look at the functional difficulty and consider strategies, adaptations or equipment where appropriate.

Can OT help with work tasks?
Potentially. Occupational Therapy may consider how functional difficulties affect work-related activities, although the appropriate service depends on the referral and clinician scope.

Can an OT recommend adaptive equipment?
Yes, where equipment assessment and prescription are within the clinician's scope.
Explore Adaptive Equipment Assessment & Prescription

Do I need a diagnosis before seeing an OT?
Not necessarily. You can discuss functional difficulties with an Occupational Therapist without already having a diagnosis. New or unexplained changes may also require medical investigation.

Can I see an OT privately?
Yes. Suitable private Occupational Therapy referrals can be accepted depending on clinician scope, location and capacity.

Do you provide NDIS Occupational Therapy for adults?
Belong Health is a registered NDIS provider. Occupational Therapy may be available for suitable adult NDIS referrals depending on the participant's needs, goals, funding and clinician scope.

Can Occupational Therapy be provided at home?
Yes, where a suitable mobile Occupational Therapist services your location. Home-based assessment can be particularly useful when the activity or environmental barrier occurs within the home.

Is telehealth available?
Yes, for appropriate Occupational Therapy services. Some motor assessments require face-to-face observation or assessment.

Can I speak with an OT before booking?
Yes. Where a suitable clinician is available, you can start with a Free 20-Minute OT Meet & Greet. There is no obligation to proceed.

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Occupational Therapy for Adult Motor Skills & Motor Planning

If changes in fine motor skills, gross motor function, coordination or motor planning are making everyday activities more difficult, Occupational Therapy may help you understand what is happening functionally and explore practical ways forward.

You do not need to know exactly which motor skill is causing the difficulty before contacting us.

Tell us what you are finding difficult and what you would like to be able to do.

Our team can help identify an Occupational Therapist based on your needs, location and the clinician's scope.

Explore Occupational Therapy for Adults

Find an Occupational Therapist Near You
Book Your Free 20-Minute OT Meet & Greet

Contact Belong Health
Phone: 08 9586 3934

Last reviewed: September 2026

13 Littleton st, Falcon

Phone: 08 9586 3934

EMAIL US

OFFICE HOURS:         MONDAY TO FRIDAY 8:30am - 4:30pm

BELONG HEALTH'S Paediatric Occupational Therapy SERVICES FOR Perth region

A: Alexander Heights, Alfred Cove, Applecross, Applecross North, Ardross, Armadale, Ascot, Ashby, Ashfield, Attadale, Atwell, Aubin Grove, Aveley
B: Balcatta, Balga, Ballajura, Banjup, Banksia Grove, Baskerville, Bassendean, Bateman, Bayswater, Beaconsfield, Beckenham, Bedford, Bedfordale, Beechboro, Beeliar, Beldon, Belhus, Bellevue, Belmont, Bennett Springs, Bentley, Bibra Lake, Bicton, Booragoon, Boya, Brabham, Brentwood, Brigadoon, Broadway Nedlands, Brookdale, Bull Creek, Burns Beach, Burswood, Bushmead, Butler
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E: East Cannington, East Fremantle, East Perth, East Victoria Park, Eden Hill, Edgewater, Ellenbrook, Embleton
F: Ferndale, Floreat, Forrestdale, Forrestfield, Fremantle
G: Gidgegannup, Girrawheen, Glen Forrest, Glendalough, Glengarry, Gnangara, Gosnells, Greenmount, Greenwood, Guildford, Gwelup
H: Hamersley, Hamilton Hill, Hammond Park, Harrisdale, Haynes, Hazelmere, Heathridge, Helena Valley, Henderson, Henley Brook, Herdsman, Herne Hill, High Wycombe, Highgate, Hilbert, Hillarys, Hilton, Hocking, Hovea, Huntingdale
I: Iluka, Inglewood, Innaloo, Jandabup, Jandakot, Jane Brook, Jindalee, Jolimont, Joondalup, Joondanna
K: Kallaroo, Karawara, Kardinya, Karragullen, Karrakatta, Karrinyup, Kelmscott, Kensington, Kenwick, Kewdale, Kiara, Kings Park, Kingsley, Kingsway, Kinross, Koondoola, Koongamia
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N: Nedlands, Neerabup, Nollamara, Noranda, North Beach, North Coogee, North Fremantle, North Lake, North Perth, Northbridge, Nowergup
O: O'connor, Ocean Reef, Orange Grove, Osborne Park
P: Padbury, Palmyra, Parkerville, Parkwood, Pearsall, Peppermint Grove, Perth, Piara Waters, Pinjar, Queens Park, Quinns Rocks
R: Red Hill, Redcliffe, Ridgewood, Riverton, Rivervale, Roleystone, Rossmoyne, Rottnest Island
S: Salter Point, Samson, Sawyers Valley, Scarborough, Seville Grove, Shelley, Shenton Park, Sinagra, Sorrento, South Fremantle, South Guildford, South Lake, South Perth, Southern River, Spearwood, St James, Stirling, Stoneville, Stratton, Subiaco, Subiaco East, Success, Swan View, Swanbourne
T: Tamala Park, Tapping, The Vines, Thornlie, Treeby, Trigg, Tuart Hill
U: Upper Swan
V: Victoria Park
W: Wangara, Wanneroo, Warwick, Waterford, Watermans Bay, Wattle Grove, Wattleup, Welshpool, Wembley, Wembley Downs, West Leederville, West Perth, West Swan, Westfield, Westminster, White Gum Valley, Whiteman, Willagee, Willetton, Wilson, Winthrop, Woodbridge, Woodlands, Woodvale, Wungong
Y: Yangebup, Yokine​